Visa källkod för Amanita citrina

{{obekraftad|
|namn=Amanita citrina
}}
[[kategori:Växter och svampar]]
'''Namn:''' Vitgul flugsvamp (sv), False deathcap (en)

'''Innehåller:''' [[Bufotenin]] samt små mängder [[DMT]]
 
== Generell information ==

[[Flugsvamp]] som växer i löv och barrskog (verkar vara vanligast i bokskog). Vitgul glänsande hatt, oftast med grå hyllerester. Skivorna doftar rå potatis eller rädisa. Tydlig basalknöl.

Varning! Kan av den ovana svampletaren lätt förväxlas med de dödligt giftiga arterna [http://images.google.se/images?q=Amanita%20phalloides Amanita phalloides] som luktar sött och oftast har en mörkare hatt och den nästan helvita [http://images.google.se/images?q=Amanita%20virosa Amanita virosa] som inte har någon speciellt framträdande lukt. Dessa två arter saknar oftast hyllerester (prickarna) kvar på hattytan när dom är helt utvecklade, men man bör ändå låta bli att plocka exemplar som man är osäker på.

Om man teoretiskt skulle plocka rätt svampar skulle nog ett extrakt som röks vara den bästa intagningsmetoden, alternativt en extrahering och traditionell  tillredning (se [[Yopo]]) som sedan sniffas.

== Om innehållet: ==
[[Bild:amanita_citrina.jpg|thumb|right]]
Koncentrationen av [[bufotenin]] i de olika delarna av Amanita citrina plockade i Schweiz var 0.8% i hatten, 1,5% i foten, 0,065% i bulben (kulan precis längst ner)<ref>(Stivje, 1979). [http://www.samorini.it/doc1/sam/fallit.htm Källa: Översättning av denna text]</ref>

Wieland et al. (1953) isolerade 15g bufoteninpicrat (=7g bufotenin) från 100kg färska Amanita mappa (=A. citrina)<ref>Handbook of Mushroom Poisoning: Diagnosis and Treatment</ref> men man kan anta att han fick ut bara en bråkdel av den totala mängden p.g.a dålig extraheringsmetod.

{{quote|As well, so far as Bufotenine goes, there is a report by Wieland and Motzel (1953) pertaining to Amanita muscaria, pantherina, and citrina. The presence of Bufotenine was then verified only for the species citrina, porphyria, and tomentelIa (Catalfolmo and Tyler, 1961; Tyler, 1961; Tyler and Groger, 1964b; Hoffer and Osmond, 1967; Eugster, 1968; Andary et al., 1978a, 1978b; Stijve, 1979; Perez-Silva and Aroche Alfonso, 1983; Bresinsky and Besl Regensburg, 1985.) There is probably a mistake due to contamination caused by carpophores of Amanita citrina. Bufotenine should be left out any way because it is not orally active (Fabing and Hawkins, 1956; Hoffer and Osmond, 1967; Schultes and Hofmann, 1980), and, according to some authors, not active at all.

...

Even without entering into the subject, it's worth mentioning the other three species of the genus Amanita which are somehow connected to the hallucinogenic substances: A. tomentelIa Kromb., A. citrina (Scheff.) S.F. Gray (syn. A. mappa (Batsch. ex Fr.) Quulet) and A. porphyria (A. & S. ex Fr.) Seer. (syn. A. recutita (Fr.) Gillet). In this species were found bufotenine and other compounds such as the psychotropic dimethyl-byptamine ([[DMT]]) (Catalfolmo & Tyler, 1961; Tyler, 1961; Hofmann, 1964; Tyler and Gr6ger, 1964; Eugster, 1968; Perez-Silva and Aroche Alfonso, 1983).
|Francesco Festi and Antonio Bianchi<ref>[http://www.shroomery.org/index.php/par/23630 Overview of Amanita muscaria - Myco-pharmacological Outline and Personal Experiences by Francesco Festi and Antonio Bianchi from PM&E Volume Five]</ref>}}

{{quote|Bufotenine, another central-acting substance, but only when administered parenterally, was isolated from a German specimen of Amanita citrina (A. mappa) and also reported to occur in A. muscaria and A. pantherina. Investigations of North American species revealed the presence of this indole in A. porphyria, A. tomentella, and A. citrina. It could not be detected in other Amanita species including A. muscaria and A. pantherina. Subsequent analyses of European A. citrina revealed the presence of several tryptamine derivatives in addition to bufotenine. Notable was the presence of N,N-dimethyltryptamine, a substance which is a psychotropic agent, but occurring in too low a concentration to produce any possible physiological activity of this mushroom. To date there is no indication of its existence in A. muscaria.|UNODC<ref>[http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/bulletin/bulletin_1970-01-01_4_page005.html UNODC: Amanita muscaria : present understanding of its chemistry]</ref>}}

{{quote|'''Amanita citrina'''(Schff.) S.F.Gray (A. mappa (Batsch ex. Fr.) Quelet)

Wieland & Motzel 1953 (European specimens) 0.045% (Stijve 1979 noted their inefficient procedure may have only recovered 10% of what was there.) Catafolmo & Tyler 1961 (North American specimens) Tyler 1961 (North American specimens) Tyler & Gröger 1964 (German specimens) Identified chromatographically. (Mycelium shown to contain 0.03%) Stijve 1979 (German, Dutch & Swiss specimens). Bufotenine was the major. Bufotenine concentrations were estimated from 0.70-1.5% using GLC and from 0.4-1.3% using tlc. Isolation: 0.8% in cap, 1.5% in stalk & 0.065% in bulb. Wurst et al. 1992 (0.0-1.899%)|Keeper of the Trout<ref>[http://accurateinformationmedia.com/library/TroutsNotes/SomeSimpleTryptamines_2ndEd_2007_with_addendum.pdf Trout - Some Simple Tryptamines]</ref>}}



== Trådar på MM ==

[http://forum.magiskamolekyler.org/index.php?showtopic=16829 Amanita citrina]. Med extraheringsinformation och knarkkorvens beskrivning av effekterna.

== Externa länkar ==
<references/>

[http://diseyes.lycaeum.org/fresh/amanmr.htm AMANITA MUSCARIA: Mycopharmacological Outline and Personal Experiences av Francesco Festi and Antonio Bianchi]

[http://www.svampfoto.com/vitgul_flugsvamp2.htm Vitgul flugsvamp Amanita citrina]

[http://www.svampfoto.com/vitgul_flugsvampalba4.htm Vitgul flugsvamp (vit variant) Amanita citrina (var. alba)]

[http://www.nahuby.sk/obrazok_detail.php?obrazok_id=19822 Amanita citrina] (foto från Slovakien)

[http://www.first-nature.com/fungi/amanita-citrina.php#identification Identifieringsguide]

[http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~5337.asp Rogers Mushrooms - Amanita citrina Mushroom]

[http://images.google.se/images?q=Amanita%20citrina Amanita citrina - Google Bildsökning]